Product Overview

RNA nucleotides — AMP (Adenosine 5′-Monophosphate, INCI: Adenosine Phosphate, CAS 61-19-8, C₁₀H₁₄N₅O₇P, MW 347.22 g/mol), CMP (Cytidine 5′-Monophosphate, INCI: Cytidine Phosphate, CAS 63-37-6, C₉H₁₄N₃O₈P, MW 323.20 g/mol), GMP (Guanosine 5′-Monophosphate, INCI: Guanosine Phosphate, CAS 85-32-5, C₁₀H₁₄N₅O₈P, MW 363.22 g/mol), and UMP (Uridine 5′-Monophosphate, INCI: Uridine Phosphate, CAS 58-97-9, C₉H₁₃N₂O₉P, MW 324.18 g/mol) — are the four fundamental monomeric building blocks of RNA, produced by controlled yeast RNA hydrolysis followed by enzymatic 5′-dephosphorylation to yield high-purity monophosphates. AMP is the central currency of cellular energy — phosphorylation of AMP yields ADP then ATP, the universal energy molecule, while AMP also forms the structural core of the essential coenzymes NAD+, FAD, and Coenzyme A (CoA), and is converted to cyclic AMP (cAMP) as a critical second messenger in hormone signaling, gene regulation, and neurotransmission. In cosmetics, AMP-derived adenosine is one of the few FDA-recognized OTC anti-wrinkle ingredients — adenosine binds the adenosine A2A receptor (ADORA2A) on dermal fibroblasts, triggering a cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling cascade that upregulates collagen types I and III synthesis, suppresses MMP-1 collagenase, and significantly reduces wrinkle depth in randomized controlled trials. GMP and UMP are essential in infant formula — dietary nucleotides at breast-milk-matched levels (~5–12 mg/100 kcal) support neonatal immune development (enhanced NK cell activity, antibody responses), gastrointestinal maturation (increased villus height, disaccharidase activity), and neurocognitive development via CDP-choline and UDP-glycolipid pathways for myelination and synaptic membrane formation. CMP is the direct precursor of CDP-choline (citicoline), the rate-limiting intermediate in phosphatidylcholine synthesis — the most abundant phospholipid in neural membranes — making CMP critical for brain health, cognitive function, and membrane repair in neural tissue.

As a leading fermentation-derived nucleotide manufacturer and bulk supplier, UPOR Biotech provides high-purity AMP, CMP, GMP, and UMP as individual monophosphates or custom-blended multi-nucleotide premixes for B2B cosmetic brands, infant formula manufacturers, dietary supplement companies, functional food producers, and pharmaceutical R&D organizations worldwide. The multi-nucleotide family positioning uniquely serves the growing global infant nutrition market (projected to reach $103 billion by 2030, CAGR 7.2%) where all four nucleotides are required in breast-milk-matching ratios, as well as the rapidly expanding adenosine cosmeceutical segment driven by clinically validated anti-aging efficacy. OEM and private label formulations available with flexible MOQ starting at 1 kg per nucleotide. Free sample available for qualified buyers. Every shipment includes full documentation: COA, MSDS, HPLC chromatogram, nucleotide identity confirmation (UV λmax ratios), and stability data.

Nucleotides vs Nucleosides vs NAD+ — The Cellular Building Block Hierarchy: Why Phosphorylated Nucleotides Are the Direct Precursors of ATP, Coenzymes, and Second Messengers

Understanding the molecular hierarchy of cellular building blocks reveals why 5′-monophosphate nucleotides occupy a uniquely versatile position. Nucleobases (adenine, cytosine, guanine, uracil) are the simplest form — lacking both ribose sugar and phosphate — and require the full purine/pyrimidine salvage pathway for activation, making them the least bioavailable form. Nucleosides (adenosine, cytidine, guanosine, uridine) add the ribose sugar but lack the phosphate group — they are one step closer to activation than nucleobases but still require phosphorylation by nucleoside kinases (rate-limiting enzymes) before entering metabolic pathways. 5′-Monophosphate Nucleotides (AMP, CMP, GMP, UMP) — supplied by UPOR Biotech — are the first phosphorylated form: one phosphate attached at the 5′-position of ribose. They are the direct metabolic precursors to di- and tri-phosphates (ADP→ATP, CDP→CTP, GDP→GTP, UDP→UTP), coenzymes (NAD+ = AMP + nicotinamide ribonucleotide; FAD = AMP + riboflavin; CoA = AMP + pantetheine), second messengers (cAMP, cGMP), and activated sugar nucleotides (UDP-glucose, CDP-choline). NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) — the celebrated anti-aging coenzyme — is itself an AMP-containing dinucleotide: its synthesis requires AMP as the adenine nucleotide donor. This means AMP is chemically and metabolically upstream of NAD+ — without sufficient AMP pools, NAD+ synthesis is substrate-limited regardless of nicotinamide or NR availability. UPOR Biotech’s fermentation-derived RNA monophosphates represent the optimal balance of stability, solubility, and metabolic proximity — one enzymatic step from the active coenzyme forms that drive cellular energy metabolism, membrane biogenesis, and signal transduction.

Technical Specifications

PropertySpecification
Product FamilyRNA Nucleotides — AMP, CMP, GMP, UMP (Adenosine / Cytidine / Guanosine / Uridine 5′-Monophosphate)
AMP — CAS (Free Acid)61-19-8
AMP — CAS (Disodium Salt)4578-31-8
AMP — INCI NameAdenosine Phosphate
AMP — Molecular FormulaC₁₀H₁₄N₅O₇P
AMP — Molecular Weight347.22 g/mol
AMP — SynonymsAdenosine 5′-Monophosphate; 5′-AMP; Adenylate; Adenosine-5′-monophosphoric acid; Vitamin B8 (historical)
CMP — CAS (Free Acid)63-37-6
CMP — CAS (Disodium Salt)6757-06-8
CMP — INCI NameCytidine Phosphate
CMP — Molecular FormulaC₉H₁₄N₃O₈P
CMP — Molecular Weight323.20 g/mol
CMP — SynonymsCytidine 5′-Monophosphate; 5′-CMP; Cytidylate; Cytidine-5′-monophosphoric acid
GMP — CAS (Free Acid)85-32-5
GMP — CAS (Disodium Salt)5550-12-9
GMP — INCI NameGuanosine Phosphate
GMP — Molecular FormulaC₁₀H₁₄N₅O₈P
GMP — Molecular Weight363.22 g/mol
GMP — SynonymsGuanosine 5′-Monophosphate; 5′-GMP; Guanylate; E626 (flavor enhancer)
UMP — CAS (Free Acid)58-97-9
UMP — CAS (Disodium Salt)3387-36-8
UMP — INCI NameUridine Phosphate
UMP — Molecular FormulaC₉H₁₃N₂O₉P
UMP — Molecular Weight324.18 g/mol
UMP — SynonymsUridine 5′-Monophosphate; 5′-UMP; Uridylate
SourceFermentation-derived — yeast RNA hydrolysis + enzymatic 5′-dephosphorylation. Natural, bioidentical RNA nucleotides.
AppearanceWhite to off-white crystalline powder (all four nucleotides)
SolubilityFreely soluble in water (all four as disodium salts; free acids soluble in alkaline aqueous solutions). Slightly soluble in ethanol; practically insoluble in acetone and non-polar organic solvents.
Assay / Purity≥98% HPLC (Cosmetic/Nutraceutical Grade); ≥99% HPLC (Research/Pharma Grade). Nucleotide content confirmed by HPLC-UV at 260 nm with photodiode array purity verification.
Key AdvantageRNA building blocks — direct precursors to ATP (energy), NAD+/FAD/CoA (coenzymes), cAMP/cGMP (second messengers), CDP-choline (neural membranes), and UDP-glucose (glycogen synthesis). Adenosine from AMP is a clinically validated FDA OTC anti-wrinkle active.
CertificationsISO 9001:2015, ISO 22000, HACCP, FDA Facility Registration, HALAL, KOSHER, Non-GMO, BSE/TSE-Free
Packaging1 kg / 5 kg / 10 kg sealed aluminum foil bags with PE liner; 25 kg fiber drums with double PE liner. Custom multi-nucleotide premix blending available.
Storage2 – 8°C recommended for long-term storage; tightly sealed in original container, protect from light and moisture
Shelf Life3 years from date of manufacture under recommended storage conditions (2–8°C, sealed, protected from light)

Key Benefits — RNA Nucleotides (AMP/CMP/GMP/UMP)

AMP — Adenosine Anti-Aging: FDA OTC Wrinkle Reduction via A2A Receptor Collagen Induction

AMP is the precursor to adenosine — a clinically validated, FDA-recognized OTC anti-wrinkle active. Adenosine binds the adenosine A2A receptor on dermal fibroblasts, triggering cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling that upregulates collagen I and III, elastin, and fibronectin while suppressing MMP-1 collagenase. Clinically proven to reduce wrinkle depth and improve skin elasticity in 8–12 week RCTs.

Anti-Aging

CMP & UMP — Neural Membrane Phospholipid Synthesis: CDP-Choline & Brain Health Pathways

CMP is the direct precursor of CDP-choline (citicoline) — the rate-limiting intermediate for phosphatidylcholine, the most abundant phospholipid in neural membranes. UMP generates UDP-glycolipids essential for myelination and synaptic membrane formation. Both nucleotides support neurocognitive development in infant nutrition and brain health in adult cognitive support formulations.

Neural Health

GMP & UMP — Infant Formula Fortification: Immune Development & Gut Maturation

Dietary nucleotides at breast-milk-matched levels (5–12 mg/100 kcal) are conditionally essential for neonatal immune development — enhanced NK cell activity, IL-2 production, antibody responses to vaccination, increased villus height, disaccharidase activity, and improved gut microbiota (Bifidobacterium). GMP also provides natural umami flavor (E626) for savory functional foods.

Infant Nutrition

Full Nucleotide Family — Cellular Energy, Coenzyme Synthesis & DNA/RNA Repair

Together, all four RNA monophosphates support ATP energy metabolism (AMP→ADP→ATP), coenzyme biosynthesis (NAD+ = AMP + nicotinamide ribonucleotide; FAD = AMP + riboflavin; CoA = AMP + pantetheine), second messenger signaling (cAMP, cGMP), and nucleic acid repair/synthesis — essential for rapidly dividing cells in skin, gut epithelium, and immune tissues.

Cellular Energy

Applications

Anti-Aging Skincare & Cosmeceutical Formulations

AMP at 0.1–0.5% in anti-aging serums, creams, and ampoules for adenosine-mediated collagen induction and wrinkle reduction via A2A receptor activation. OEM and private label formulations available.

Infant Formula & Follow-On Formula Fortification

AMP, CMP, GMP, UMP custom-blended to breast-milk-matching ratios (~5–12 mg/100 kcal total nucleotides) for neonatal immune development, gut maturation, and neurocognitive support in infant and follow-on formulas.

Dietary Supplements & Nutraceuticals

Multi-nucleotide capsules, tablets, and powders for sports nutrition (ATP/energy support), healthy aging (mitochondrial metabolism), immune health, and cognitive function. Custom blending to specified nucleotide ratios available.

Functional Foods & Sports Nutrition Beverages

GMP (E626) for natural umami flavor enhancement in savory functional foods, soups, and culinary applications. Nucleotide-fortified ready-to-drink beverages for energy metabolism and post-exercise recovery support.

Pharmaceutical R&D & Biochemical Research

Research/Pharma Grade (≥99% HPLC) individual nucleotides for cell culture media supplementation, enzymatic assay substrates, drug discovery (G-protein coupled receptor research, kinase assays), and academic biochemical studies.

Personal Care & Hair/Scalp Formulations

AMP and CMP in hair growth serums and scalp treatments — supporting dermal papilla cell energy metabolism and proliferation. Nucleotide-based cellular repair formulations for sensitive and compromised skin conditions.

Frequently Asked Questions

RNA nucleotides — AMP (Adenosine 5′-Monophosphate, CAS 61-19-8), CMP (Cytidine 5′-Monophosphate, CAS 63-37-6), GMP (Guanosine 5′-Monophosphate, CAS 85-32-5), and UMP (Uridine 5′-Monophosphate, CAS 58-97-9) — are the fundamental monomeric building blocks of RNA, produced by yeast RNA hydrolysis and enzymatic dephosphorylation. AMP is the central energy currency precursor: phosphorylation of AMP yields ADP and ATP, the universal cellular energy molecule, while AMP also forms the core of coenzymes NAD+, FAD, and Coenzyme A (CoA), and is converted to cyclic AMP (cAMP) as a critical second messenger. GMP serves as the precursor to GTP for G-protein signaling and protein synthesis. UMP is the precursor to UDP-glucose (glycogen synthesis) and UDP-glucuronic acid (detoxification). CMP feeds the CDP-choline (citicoline) pathway for neural membrane phospholipid synthesis. Together, these four nucleotides drive cellular energy metabolism, nucleic acid repair, membrane biogenesis, and signal transduction — essential for all rapidly dividing cells in skin, gut epithelium, and immune tissues. UPOR Biotech provides fermentation-derived nucleotides at ≥98% HPLC (Cosmetic/Nutraceutical Grade) and ≥99% HPLC (Research/Pharma Grade).

Adenosine — derived from AMP via enzymatic dephosphorylation in skin — is one of the few FDA-recognized OTC anti-wrinkle ingredients with a well-characterized receptor mechanism. Adenosine binds the adenosine A2A receptor (ADORA2A) on dermal fibroblasts, triggering a cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling cascade that upregulates collagen types I and III, elastin, and fibronectin while suppressing MMP-1 collagenase. Clinically, topical adenosine at 0.04–0.1% significantly reduces wrinkle depth, improves skin elasticity (Cutometer parameters), and enhances dermal density in 8–12 week RCTs. AMP also supports cellular ATP pools in aging keratinocytes and fibroblasts — addressing the progressive decline in epidermal energy metabolism in photoaged skin. The AMP → adenosine pathway provides a dual anti-aging mechanism: A2A receptor-mediated collagen induction plus metabolic energy support for dermal-epidermal homeostasis. UPOR Biotech provides AMP ≥98% HPLC (Cosmetic Grade) for adenosine-generating formulations, with the disodium salt form offering superior aqueous solubility for water-based serums and ampoules.

Dietary nucleotides are conditionally essential nutrients during rapid growth, immune challenge, or metabolic stress when de novo synthesis cannot meet demand. In infant formula, all four nucleotides (AMP, CMP, GMP, UMP) plus IMP are added at breast-milk-matching levels (~5–12 mg/100 kcal total nucleotides) to support: immune development (enhanced NK cell activity, IL-2 production, antibody responses to vaccination), gastrointestinal maturation (increased villus height, mucosal repair after diarrheal injury), neurocognitive development (CMP/UMP as precursors to CDP-choline and UDP-glycolipids for myelination and synaptic membrane formation), and improved gut microbiota (Bifidobacterium). In sports nutrition, nucleotide supplements support ATP regeneration and post-exercise immune function. GMP provides natural umami taste (E626) for savory functional foods. UPOR Biotech provides individual nucleotides or custom-blended multi-nucleotide premixes with flexible MOQ starting at 1 kg per nucleotide. The global nucleotide supplement market is expanding through sports nutrition, healthy aging (mitochondrial energy), and immune health formulations.

Nucleotides (AMP/CMP/GMP/UMP) are monophosphorylated — one phosphate at the 5′-ribose position. Nucleosides (adenosine/cytidine/guanosine/uridine) lack the phosphate. Nucleobases (adenine/cytosine/guanine/uracil) lack both ribose and phosphate. The phosphate group critically determines metabolic proximity: nucleotides are one phosphorylation step from the active di-/tri-phosphate forms (ADP/ATP, GDP/GTP, UDP/UTP, CDP/CTP) that drive cellular metabolism. Dietary nucleotides are dephosphorylated at the intestinal brush border to nucleosides, absorbed via CNT/ENT transporters, then re-phosphorylated intracellularly — the nucleotide form provides superior aqueous solubility, formulation stability, and is chemically the first committed precursor in coenzyme synthesis (AMP is the direct adenine-nucleotide donor for NAD+, FAD, and CoA biosynthesis). UPOR Biotech’s fermentation-derived RNA monophosphates represent the optimal balance of stability, solubility, and metabolic proximity — positioned at the gateway between dietary RNA catabolism and cellular anabolism.

Every nucleotide shipment includes: COA (HPLC purity ≥98% or ≥99%, nucleotide composition by HPLC-UV at 260 nm, heavy metals ≤10 ppm with Pb ≤2 ppm / As ≤1 ppm / Hg ≤1 ppm / Cd ≤1 ppm, residual solvents per USP <467>/EP <5.4>/ICH Q3C, microbial panel per USP <61>/<62>), MSDS, HPLC Chromatogram (signed and dated, 260 nm), Nucleotide Identity Confirmation (UV λmax ratio A250/A260 and A280/A260 per USP/EP), Free Acid vs Disodium Salt Specification (per lot), BSE/TSE-Free Statement, Non-GMO Statement, Allergen Statement, HALAL Certificate, KOSHER Certificate, ISO 22000 + HACCP, ISO 9001:2015, FDA Facility Registration, Stability Data (25°C/60%RH 36-month real-time and 40°C/75%RH 6-month accelerated), and Complete Lot Traceability from yeast RNA source to finished nucleotide powder. Free sample available for qualified B2B buyers. MOQ: 1 kg per nucleotide. Custom multi-nucleotide blending to specified ratios available for infant formula and supplement manufacturers. All documents provided in English.